Effect of Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine on Neonatal Tetanus

Effect of Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine on Neonatal Tetanus Evaluation of the effect of Tetanus Toxoid vaccine on neonatal tetanus Clinical scenario Tetanus is a vaccine preventable disease caused by a ubiquitous spore-forming bacteria called Clostridium tetani (reference need). Due to its ubiquity, the disease cannot be eradicated (Roper et al. 2007). Tetanus that occurs in neonates between 3-28 days of life is termed neonatal tetanus (CDC, 1997) and the most common nidus of infection in neonates is through the freshly cut umbilical cord (Bennett et al. 1996; Roper et al. 2007). Substantial progress has been made towards the elimination of maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT) by the WHO initiative, although it still remains a major problem in more than 30 developing countries (figure 1) (WHO, 2015). Figure 1. The global map sowing the advancement towards the elimination of maternal and neonatal tetanus. Source: WHO. (2015). [Online]. http://www.who.int/immunization/diseases/MNTE_initiative/en/index4.html Developed countries such as the United States of America, England and Denmark, have long ago eliminated tetanus linked neonatal deaths compared to developing countries (Pascual et al. 2003; Simonsen et al. 1987; Rushdy et al. 2003). Haws et al. (2007) mentioned that in areas where the prevalence of neonatal tetanus is common, vaccinating women against tetanus during pregnancy is likely to prevent the disease. Neonatal tetanus still remains one of the leading causes of infant mortality in many developing countries despite the fact that tetanus vaccine has been available for years (Stanfield et al. 1984). Hence, the aim of this critical appraisal is to evaluate the effect of tetanus toxoid vaccine given to pregnant women to provide effective protection and reduce deaths from neonatal tetanus in comparison to no vaccine. Focused Clinical Question Table 1: Search Strategy Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Table 2: search and screening results Total number of studies = 3 (Blencowe et al., 2010; Maral et al., 2001 and Demicheli et al., 2013). Table 3: CASP screening tool for the appraisal of two Systematic Reviews and one Cross-sectional Study *A cross-sectional appraisal tool does not exist, therefore Maral et al., 2001 was appraised using the systematic review appraisal tool. Exclusions Summary of best evidence Blencowe et al., 2010 Systematic review Aim/Objective of the Systematic review: To evaluate the effect of Tetanus Toxoid vaccination of pregnant women or women of child bearing age on neonatal tetanus mortality. Study Design Search Strategy A range of appropriate databases were used such as PubMed, EMASE, Cochrane Libraries and World Health Organisation Regional Databases. Suitable search terms were used such as ‘Neonatal Tetanus, Tetanus Toxoid, Neonatal Mortality and Women’. Publications in any language were also included. Selection Criteria for inclusion of studies The PICO format (Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome) was used in this review to identify the studies to be included as follows: Population – Neonates Intervention – At least two Tetanus Toxoid vaccine doses Comparison – Neonates born without Tetanus Toxoid vaccination Outcome – Mortality from Neonatal Tetanus Randomised trails and observational studies meeting the above criteria’s were considered in this review. Methods A systematic review of various databases was carried out to identify suitable studies meeting inclusion criteria Standardised abstraction forms were used for each outcome of interest for studies meeting the inclusion criteria Studies not meeting the inclusion criteria, studies which only reported serological outcomes and duplicate reports of studies or trails were all excluded Quality of individual studies and evidence were evaluated according to the CHERG version of the GRADE method to generate an approximate calculation of the effects in reducing neonatal mortality A meta-analysis was carried out using STATA version 10.0 statistic software and stated the mantel-haenszel pooled relative risk and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) Findings Two studies which had no heterogeneity between them (p=0.16) i.e. a high-quality randomised controlled trial and a well-designed cohort study with adjustment for publication bias in its analysis, were joined into one meta-analysis to give an estimate of relative risk (RR)= 0.06 (95% CI 0.02-0.2) (Fig. 1). While, three case-control studies each with adjustment for publication bias showed a protective effect of two tetanus toxoid injections during pregnancy (odd ratio (OR) = 0.05 (0.005-0.4); OR=0.1 (0.03_0.4); OR=0.2 (0.03-0.7). Overall result A 94% reduction in neonatal tetanus mortality (95% CI 80-98%). The confidence interval of 95% for these results appear to be accurate.

The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu Essay -- The Heian Period, Japan

Being a student interested in the field of biology, one knows that studying life in the past plays an important role in the history of organisms that lived on this earth. Similarly, being Japanese, studying the past of how Japanese were plays an important role in Japanese history. Despite all the general aspects of life that have changed from the Heian period, the one idea that has definitely not changed is the romantic relationships between a man and woman. Though the general concept is the same, from reading The Tale of Genji, it is what was considered the ideal woman and ideal man that were both surprising and thus worth discussing. Written around 978 by Murasaki Shikibu, The Tale of Genji, regarded as the world’s first novel, is an excellent source describing the ideal woman and man during the Heian period. Life in the Heian period revolved around the court and the social hierarchy that came with it. Thus it is completely understandable that one of the most important characteristics of an ideal man or woman was the person’s ranking. For most women, especially those in the lower ranks, to be able to give birth to a son whose father was of high rank would up her own status. Note however, though that she did not need to marry the father, and this was indeed the case for many women. The main reason for this is because men, especially those with high ranks like Genji and Tà µ no Chujà µ had affairs with many women regardless to who they themselves were married. Genji and Tà µ no Chujà µ both knew that because of their high rank, they could for the most part, get any woman they wished. Yet, it is b ecause of this that in The Tale of Genji, they could actually seriously consider various characteristics that they feel represente... ...whereas the ideal man would be one of high rank, faithful and had a tenderness and eloquence. The main trait discussed that would still apply personally as an ideal man and woman though would be one who was faithful. Though appearance is still a factor, what is considered beautiful has changed and a social hierarchy in the United States does not exist today. All in all, a relationship between a man and woman is an important aspect of anyone’s life, regardless of the place in history, and studying these aspects from a great novel like The Tale of Genji, plays a vital role in understanding Japanese culture. Works Cited Shikibu, Murasaki. The Tale of Genji. NY, NY: Penguin Classics, 2001. 319. Print. Smits, Gregory. "The Heian Period Aristocrats." East Asian History. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb 2011. .

Ex Post Facto Laws Essay

Ex post facto laws refer to laws that apply to acts committed before the enactment of such laws and are, therefore, disadvantageous to the affected persons. The United States constitution in article I, section 10 prohibits the state from enacting such retroactive laws. This prohibition protects individuals from unjust legislative acts. However, the ban on ex post facto laws applies only with regard to criminal and not civil laws (Zollar, 2002). I believe that the US constitution is reasonable and consistent by containing provisions that limit the enactment of ex post facto laws since this help in safeguarding the rights of individuals under existing laws. If the constitution did not contain the ex post facto clause, individuals would be unfairly subjected to laws that act retrogressively and deny them justice. For instance, an adult should not be prosecuted for crimes he committed when he was a minor if such crimes could not be instituted against him at that time due to limitation on juvenile court jurisdiction. I concur with the authors of the ex post facto clause that laws should not be applied retroactively. However, where the rule cannot be reasonably applied, various exceptions should be incorporated to make the rule workable. Like every other rule, I believe that it is important for the ex post facto clause to have various exceptions that would ensure its enforceability. While I agree that laws should not be enacted retrogressively, I feel that the biggest challenge facing the ex post facto clause is the obscure differentiation of criminal laws from civil laws. The clause that prohibits ex post facto laws bans several acts. First, it prohibits the creation of criminal laws and making them retroactive. Such retroactive laws have the effect of criminalizing acts committed before their enactments. The clause also prohibits laws that are made in order to retroactively aggravate a crime, for instance, by retroactively changing a misdemeanor to a felony. Retroactively increasing the punishment for a crime is also prohibited under US laws. Furthermore, the Ex post facto clause also bans the creation of laws that alter the rules of evidence and instead allow conviction based on different or lesser evidence than what the law proscribed at the time of the crime’s commission (Gardner & Anderson, 2011). There are several exceptions to the limitation of retroactive laws in the ex post facto clause. The rule is limited to penal law and is not applicable to cases where the new laws favor the accused. Moreover, the rule is not applicable to customary laws and precedent laws that are retrospective with regard to previous cases. Another exception to the ex post facto rule is a retroactive law that provides for retribution for certain acts that were illegal but not criminal when they were committed. An example of such a law is the London Agreement, which is retroactive to the extent of acts that constituted violations of international laws when they were committed (Bassiouni, 2011) One of the most important current aspects of ex post facto laws is taxation. Prohibition of retroactive laws is limited to criminal acts. Therefore, there is no ex post facto law prohibition in taxation since it is a civil act. In the case of Fernandez vs. Fernandez, it was ruled that prohibition on ex post facto laws was limited to criminal laws and that tax laws were civic. In September 2012, the U.S Commerce Department imposed an ex post facto tax of $ 100 million as an anti-dumping measure (Foldvary, 2012). I feel that there is need to address the lack of prohibition of ex post facto laws in taxation. It would be unjust if entrepreneurs would lose property through confiscation by the government in an effort to recover retroactive taxes. References Bassiouni, M. C. (2011). Crimes against humanity: Historical and contemporary application. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Foldvary, F. E. (2012). The Progress Report: Ex post Facto Taxation. Retrieved October 27, 2012 from: http://www.progress.org/2012/fold784.htm Gardner, T. J. and Anderson, T. M. (2011). Criminal Law. Belomont, CA: Cengage Learning. Zollar, J. (2002). Prohibition against Ex Post Facto laws. House Research. Retrieved October 7, 2012 from: http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hrd/pubs/ss/clssexpost.pdf

Desert Places - 841 Words

Desert Places by Robert Frost Snow falling and night falling fast, oh, fast In a field I looked into going past, And the ground almost covered smooth in snow, But a few weeds and stubble showing last. The woods around it have it - it is theirs. All animals are smothered in their lairs. I am too absent-spirited to count; The loneliness includes me unawares. And lonely as it is, that loneliness Will be more lonely ere it will be less - A blanker whiteness of benighted snow With no expression, nothing to express. They cannot scare me with their empty spaces Between stars where no human race is. I have it in me so much nearer home To scare myself with my own desert places In the poem â€Å"Desert Places† by†¦show more content†¦In line twelve, the imagery of depression and absence of identity is furthermore supported when the speaker compares himself to the snow to say ‘With no expression, nothing to express’ (12) mentioning his lack of identity and him falling into loneliness. The fourth and last stanza is where the speaker is most confident. The word ‘scare’ is mentioned twice in this stanza and it denotes fear. In the first line of the fourth stanza the speaker says he worries no more of empty and lonely spaces. The word ‘star’ denotes space, but it also connotes to an example of loneliness ‘where no human race is.’ (14) The speaker does not coward anymore of lonely empty spaces, he does not need empty fields covered with formless snow and space filled with loneliness to scare him; it’s already inside of him. The last line of the poem ‘To scare myself with my own desert places,’ (16) contain an image which displays Frost’s thought that fear comes from within oneself rather than without. No matter how you view or understand this poem ‘Desert places’ by Robert Frost; we can all agree that imagery, connotation, and denotation play an important role in explaining the poem’s totalShow MoreRelatedEssay on Frosts Desert Places504 Words   |  3 Pages Desert Places   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the poem Desert Places by Robert Frost, the author describes the scenery in which he came across with. It was on a winter day, and the day was turning into a night. As he went across a field, he saw that the ground was almost all covered in snow. But then he noticed a few weeds and stubble on the ground.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the first line, Frost talks about how the night falling fast. This is referring to how fast Frost felt concerning time, which went by fast in real life. At theRead MoreThe Desert Places by Robert Frost 782 Words   |  4 Pageslife to be empty and meaningless. In the poem â€Å"The Desert Places† by Robert Frost the narrator encounters loneliness and isolation and talks about how it’s affecting his mental well-being negatively. The poem indicates that when individuals gets isolated from others, they compromise their own happiness as they receive the ill-effects of depression and failure to communicate their emotions with others. The main character of the poem â€Å"The Desert Places†, the speaker himself talks about his life whichRead More Robert Frosts Desert Places882 Words   |  4 PagesFrosts Desert Places One of the most monumental poetic works of T.S Eliot is ‘The Waste Land’. The poem emerges as a gigantic metaphor for melancholy, loneliness, solitude- the unavoidable companions of human existence. Similar kinds of feelings are evoked by Robert Frost in ‘Desert Places’. The very title is suggestive of a mood of emptiness. Throughout our life we cross various deserts to find our destiny. The beauty of the poem lies in the conjunction – the meeting point desert outsideRead MoreThe Desert Is No Place For A Man And Cormac Mccarthy1256 Words   |  6 PagesThe desert is no place for a man and Cormac McCarthy makes that perfectly clear from the onset of Blood Meridian. At first, it’s hard to tell which will be more desolate and brutal: the environment or the men that traverse it. However, McCarthy initially seems to establish that unbridled nature will triumph over man every time regardless of the circumstance. If nature is God, then man is hopeless to stand against it. Yet McCarthy makes an important distinction between nature as it exists in the wildRead More Analysis of Robert Frosts Desert Places Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Robert Frosts Desert Places Robert Frosts Desert Places is a testament to the harrowing nature of solidarity. By subjecting the narrator to the final moments of daylight on a snowy evening, an understanding about the nature of blank spaces and emptiness becomes guratively illuminated. The poems loneliness has the ability to transcend nature and drill a hole through the mind of the narrator so that all hope for relationships with man and nature are abandoned. Read MoreStopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening And Desert Places922 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Frost’s Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† and â€Å"Desert Places† are complementary works which coincide with the naturesque elements most commonly ascribed to Frost. The two poems were published over a decade apart in a period after the first World War where feelings of lack of community and self-worth had grown in precedents amongst the general public. The early years of Frost’s literary career were spent on his poultry farm in Derry, New Hampshire as he toiled his land. Although FrostRead MoreThe Habitat Of A Habitat Essay1744 Words   |  7 Pageschoose which habitat they live in, however their choices are made based on which habitat can benefit them most without providing many disadvantages. The habitats that will be explored by students throughout this unit of study include: grasslands, desert, forest, artic, and water (oceans, lakes, and ponds). For this reason, it is essential to not only have knowledge on the topic of habitats, but these habitats specifically. According to the article â€Å"Grasslands,† written by World Wild Life (WWF), theRead MoreBiomes are the Communities of the World1031 Words   |  4 Pagesacclimating to their environments. You can classify biomes in many different ways, by their climate, their biodiversity, human activity, their animals and plants, and their habitats. There are only five conspicuous types of biomes, Grassland, Tundra, Desert, Aquatic, and forest. Without biomes, the earth would be unbalanced. Throughout the years, we have cause a lot of damage towards our earth, such as causing pollution, and abolishing natural habitats. If we continue living like this, there might beRead MoreThe Socialization Of Egypt : The Gift Of T he Nile819 Words   |  4 PagesEgypt truly was â€Å"the Gift of the Nile† because the Nile economically, spiritually, and socially provided support for Egypt. Without the Nile, Egypt would have remained a desert full of helplessness. Many believe that Egypt would have been nothing without the Nile as it is the root of everything in that nation including some ideas of religion. The Nile provided may things for the land of Egypt; physical needs, spiritual needs, and mental needs. The Nile allowed for a lot of socialization. PeopleRead MoreSummary Of The Tale Of Kurochi 1738 Words   |  7 Pagesriddled with imps, fairies, orcs, dwarves, and other mystical beings. Including witches and wizards. One the other side of the kingdom, was a large, dried out, desolate desert. Despite the fact the forest was full of more species of creatures, the desert was far more dangerous. The desert was home to much more violent beings, such as Desert Dragons, fallen and trapped Shinigami, mutated orcs, Tricksters, and worst of all, the gruesome being, Kurochi. Kurochi hadn’t been reported to have been seen in more

The Change Management Theories, Techniques, And Leadership...

By studying the change management theories, techniques, and leadership styles to make managing changes successfully, it is necessary to attend to the wider impacts of the change. Considering the tangible impacts of change, it s important to consider the personal impact on those affected, and their journey towards working and behaving in new ways to support the change. The Change Curve is a useful model that describes the personal and organizational process of change. Change management focuses on people, and is about ensuring change is thoroughly, smoothly, and lastingly implemented. Using some important ideas to help make the communication and deployment of the plan a success: Sponsorship: Guaranteeing that there is active†¦show more content†¦Developing the involvement and project activities of the change promoters. Planning how and when the changes will be interconnected, and organizing and delivering the communication messages. Measuring the influence of the changes on people and the organization s structure. Scheduling activities required to address the impacts of the change. Ensuring that people involved and affected by the change understand the process change. Making sure that those who are involved or affected have help and support during times of uncertainty and upheaval. Assessing training needs driven by the change, and planning when and how this will be implemented. Identifying and agreeing the success indicators for change, and ensuring they are regularly measured and reported on. To make our hospital the first hospital of choice, it should have the greatest plan and convince either interior like employees or for exterior like patients. Several studies have observed that there are relationships between quality of health care, health care system costs and between people’s satisfaction. These relationships show that is the reason to accomplish increasing values for customers over time. Quality and process improvements lead to decreased costs, which in turn results in equipment to increase customer satisfaction. On the other hand, we should give a specific attention on the health careShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of Pfizer s Palace Coup856 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Corporate management is complex as challenges are often diverse. The ability of the managers to maintain efficient performance and the ability to prove resilient to the management wrangles are considerable factors that make managers proficient (Yukl Lepsinger, 2004). More frequently, controlling the top management officials where personal interests and professionalism are constant dilemmas often proves challenging (Yukl Lepsinger, 2004). The case of Pfizer s Palace Coup is amongRead More[Organisations and Behavour] Leadership Styles1131 Words   |  5 Pagesand Blanchard (1969) leadership styles There are three principle leadership styles. They are Goleman’s providing six management styles for leaders to work more efficiently with followers based on situation (Hoang, 2010) and Blake and Mouton’s in which the combination between the concern for people and for production is presented and result in the effective management style (BPP learning media, 2010). Moreover, the Hersey and Blanchard’s studies how â€Å"leaders match their style to the competence andRead MoreLeadership And Conflict Resolution Strategies1377 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership strategies are key to how an organization’s employees’ perceive their job, their management and their organization. Leadership and conflict resolution strategies are important to creating job satisfaction and reducing employee turnover, which is an added expense to the organization. Kinicki et al, reviews several strategies and theories about leadership and conflict management. Many of the proposed suppositions, are unable to stand alone to explicate this complex concept. 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I believe this innovationRead MoreIlm Leadership859 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Assessing your own leadership capability and performance (M5.29) 5 6 Assessment criteria (the learner can) 1.1 Review the prevailing leadership styles in the organisation Assess the impact of the prevailing leadership styles on the organisation’s values and performance Level: Credit value: Learning outcomes (the learner will) 1 Understand leadership styles within an organisation 1.2 2 Be able to review effectiveness of own leadership capability and performance in meetingRead MoreLeadership Analysis : John Quincy Adams And The President Of The United States1283 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Quincy Adams (Leadership Quotes.). As a founding father of the United States of America, John Adams is a prime example of a leader in history also having been the first ambassador to England after the revolutionary war, vice president under Washington, and the second President of the United States. The mantle of leadership universally is taken up by visionaries and trailblazers throughout the world and throughout time, but each of them has characteristics and techniques that have helped toRead MoreLeadership Skills, Traits And Behaviors1667 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership Skill, Traits and Behaviors Student’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Date: 26th February, 2015. I have selected the option 1 that is to interview the business leader or any professional. I found it a great opportunity to have an interview with my most favorite leader of Ford Motors. As I want to peruse my career in running my own car manufacturing company. This interview helped me a lot to grasp the clear understanding of the leadership styles and skills which a leader really needs

Developmental Psychology - 14091 Words

QUESTION 1: THEORISTS HAVE A CERTAIN POINT OF VIEW ON THE BASIC ISSUES UNDERLYING CHILD DEVELOPMENT. DETERMINE, DISCUSS AND EVALUATE THE POINT OF VIEW OF VYGOTSKY’S SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY AND THE INFORMATION PROCESSING APPROACH WITH REGARD TO THE ISSUES UNDERLYING CHILD DEVELOPMENT * THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT (CONTINUOUS OR DISCONTINUOUS) * THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT: ONE OR MANY * FACTORS THAT DETERMINE DEVELOPMENT (NATURE/NURTURE) Introduction Child development has many theories with different ideas about what children are like and how they change. Children are beings who change physically, cognitively emotionally and socially. There are many different theories and they all take a stand on 3 basic issues: Is the course of†¦show more content†¦Similarities in development across cultures imply a fundamental change in efficiency in the information processing system – perhaps due to myelination or synaptic pruning in the brain. Thus, according to them, the fact that changes studied characterises most or all children, supports their argument that development has a single course. Nature versus Nurture According the sociocultural approach, both nature and nurture are seen as playing an important role in the development of a child. Vygotsky recognized the importance of heredity, brain growth and influence of dialogue in contributing to a child’s development. His followers’ emphasis on culture and social experience (nurture) led to neglect the biological side (nature) of development. Information processing theorists hold the same viewpoint as Vygotsky - that both are equally important. As an example of the impact of a child’s environment (nature) research shows that preschoolers from low income families have fewer opportunities than economically advantaged agemates – a major reason why they lag behind in reading achievement throughout their school years. They, however, view children as active sensemaking beings who modify their thinking as the brain develops. In granting social experience a fundamental role in cognitive development, Vygotsky’s theory helps us understand the wide cultural variation in cognitive skills. His theory also underscores the vital role of teaching inShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental Psychology3823 Words   |  16 PagesDevelopmental Psychology There are three main theories of development that I shall discuss in this assignment, Cognitive, the main theorist being, Piaget, (1896 - 1980), The, Psychosocial Theory, Erikson, (1902 - 1994), and, The Psychosexual, of, Freud, (1856 - 1939). Cognitive Psychology draws the comparison between the human mind and a computer, suggesting that we like the computer process the information we acquire from around us and then react accordingly. Hearnshaw, (1987)Read MoreDevelopmental Psychology : An Introduction2958 Words   |  12 PagesDevelopmental Psychology: An introduction Psychology is a field that is broken down into many subfields, each field distinctive in their nature. One of the most studied fields is developmental psychology. Before I explain the field in depth, it is important to understand what developmental psychology is, and how it came to be. Developmental psychology is mainly a scientific approach, which aims to explain how children and adults change overtime (Lerner, Lewin-Bizan, Warren, 2011). Most uniquelyRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology : Understanding The Developmental Process978 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopmental Psychology has widened my perspective and knowledge of the nature of development from humans’ infancy to adolescence and emerging adulthood. Although I have learned about biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes and periods of development, I am especially interested in socioemotional development in infancy because it is the foundation for a child’s future development. That is to say, if children h ave a healthy socioemotional development from infancy, they will have a healthyRead MoreThe Developmental Psychology Of A Child983 Words   |  4 PagesThe developmental psychology of a child is one that is in many ways difficult and very special to understand. I would like to start by saying that a child’s development depends on many factors and circumstances. In finding if a child has a developmental problem or a psychological problem takes time and a delicate nature in finding the problem. The child that I am going to represent and defend on his or her actions, is a child that needs the proper representation of his or her age of developmentalRead MoreThe Theory Of Developmental Psychology1896 Words   |  8 PagesDevelopmental psychology is viewed as different types of approaches which aim to look at how people develop. Theories such as Bowlby s attachment theory can explain how a child s development can be altered by their attachment, thus leading to the ideology of the nature vs nurture debate, nature referring to the process of biological maturation while nurture is referring to the influence of the environment or surroundings, which involves the idea that a person learns through experiences.(McLeodRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology : Psychology And Psychology943 Words   |  4 Pagesof the fields of psychology that have influenced me and my current major in biology are Developmental Psychology, Neurological Psychology, and Clinical Psychology; they have influenced me by Developmental Psychology relating to my future goal to work with pediatrics, Neurological Psychology relating to both biology in a general sense and also my potential interests in the neurology field, and Clinical Psychology relating to being a doctor in general. One of the fields of Psychology that has influencedRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology : The Biological Examination Of Changes951 Words   |  4 PagesPSYCHOLOGY ESSAY: Introduction Developmental psychology is the the biological examination of changes that happens to human beings during the course of their life time. During the course of a life time of a human being ,certain biological changes happens. The development stages are divided into different stages. According to Erikson ,†the eight ages of development and the major life crisis are significant in terms of individual growth and development.†(Care human development,Student support SessionRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology And The Life Of Anne Frank1068 Words   |  5 Pages DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY AND THE LIFE OF ANNE FRANK Name: Professor: Course: Date: Introduction Developmental psychology is rapidly becoming an inalienable branch of the subject of psychology. Developmental psychology can be defined as the scientific study concerned with how and why human beings develop over the course of their life. Although connected with infants and children, the scope of developmental psychology has expanded over the years. It also describes the concepts of adolescenceRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology Essay1110 Words   |  5 PagesDevelopment Psychology Development psychology refers to the scientific study of the systematic psychological changes that normally occur to human beings throughout their growth period from birth to old age. It was originally concerned with children and infants, but it has since expanded to include the entire life span of mankind including adolescence and adulthood. Development psychology covers the extent to which human development occurs through gradual accumulation of knowledge, and the extentRead MoreThe Theory Of Developmental Psychology1336 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental psychology is viewed as different approaches which aims to look at how children and adults develop. Theories such as Bowlby s attachment theory can explain how a child s development can be altered by their attachment, thus leading to the ideology of the nature vs nurture debate, nature referring to the process of biological maturation while nurture is referring to the impact of the environment or surroundings, which involves the idea that a person learns through experiences. (McLeod

My bestfriend Essay Example For Students

My bestfriend Essay English 1301If you want a good friend, then you must be one yourself. That phrase always sticks in my mind when I remember my best friend Omar. Omar and I have been friends for over twenty years. We have done everything together since the day Omar moved to Jerusalem with his family. Omar was only eight back then and full of stories. I especially liked the one about how women mysteriously grew babies in their stomach six month after they get married. Two years after that, we became best friends when Omar showed me one of his fathers adult magazines. We thought that women were really weird back then. We still share that secret to this day. Our friendship became much stronger during the Palestinian intifada, or uprising, of the late eighties and early nineties. I will never forget that day in January, of 89. The day when Israeli soldiers shot me as I waited for my sister to finish school in East Jerusalem. A single shot that entered the right side of my head. I remember feeling a sting as the bullet penetrated the skin, seconds before my head exploded in uncontrollable, excruciating pain. My life was never going to be the same after that. We will write a custom essay on My bestfriend specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It was rumored twice that I died as I laid in a coma for over two weeks. I later learned that Omar was always there with me as I lay unconscious and unaware of what is taking place in the real world. Omar used to spend his days at school and his nights at my bedside talking and whispering in my ears words of love and encouragement. I can honestly say that I heard what Omar said and it gave me the strength to fight death and beat it. The first person I saw when I came out of coma was none other than my best friend. I saw tears of joy and love in his eyes as he drew closer and kissed my bandaged head. Dont you dare do that to me again, Muamar. I cant imagine life without you. He said to me in loving compassion. I soon learned that the bullet had caused a lot of damage to the right side of my head. Which meant that I would be paralyzed in the left side of the body. I could not imagine life without the ability to walk, play, or talk. I was never more depressed in my entire life. How can I live a normal life? Am I useless to my family? What kind of future will a crippled man have? Too many questions with no obvious answers. I can honestly say that if it were not for Omar I wouldve given up on walking. But Omar would not allow me to have a shred of doubt in regards to my ability to walk. Be a man. Omar had shouted in my face. Dont give up and Allah will help you. And I promise to never leave you fight this alone. I promise not to stop this fight until we walk together and run together like we used to do before. If I say that I didnt doubt Omar I would be lying. And not only did I doubt him, I doubted my ability to overcome difficulties and above all, I doubted myself. So in the beginning I decided to do what Omar wanted from me for two reasons: I did not want Omar to think that Im weak and I did not want him to be mad at me. So I did what he asked and faked enthusiasm at times just to give Omar a sense of achievement. I also want to mention the fact that my family members did everything within their power to help me adjust to the hard reality without giving up on me. My father paid for the best care and the best doctors available and my mothers tears stopped only when I was around. My love for my family is unconditional, as is their love for me. Once I was back home, Omar would come over to my house each morning to help me get out of bed, help me bath, dress me up, and insist on making me my breakfast himself. That did not set well with my family at first because they wanted to be the ones who helped me during these difficult times, But when I insisted on having Omar and they saw the positive influence Omar had on me, they relented. The first few months of recovery were the hardest. Omar used to take me to a secluded area and walk me for hours every day. I thought repeatedly about giving up on walking and giving up on life, but I could not allow myself to give up on Omar. And then I started to see signs of improvement and that gave me the incentive to work evenharder. Then Omar took my wheelchair, over the protests of my family, and replaced it with crutches. We would take two and three-hour walks everyday and soon I was using only one crutch. .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236 , .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236 .postImageUrl , .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236 , .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236:hover , .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236:visited , .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236:active { border:0!important; } .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236:active , .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236 .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue6c1f2fb77a3b9331ce9af4414fd2236:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Growing Up on the Streets EssayJust after I started using one crutch, my father insisted on sending me to the United States to see a specialist who had heard of me and wanted to try to help me. The specialist helped me a lot, using a new technique that restored 90% of my walking abilities without using crutches. Also in the U.S. I met a young lady, fell in love, and married her. Soon after that I became a citizen and made the U.S. my primary residence. I called my best friend today, as I do every Sunday at noon, and spoke to Omar for over two hours. We talked about the past and discussed my biannual visit to Jerusalem that is less than two months away. I cant wait to see my best friend, to play and jog with him, and to have a lot of fun, as we always do. As I look back at the events that took place over ten years ago I begin to understand the true meaning of friendship. Friendship is not a process were the members contribute equally. Rather, it is to love contributing and sacrificing to ensure the happiness of your friend. It is to be happy when your friend is happy and to be sad when he is sad. It is to cry when your friend is in pain and to laugh at his joke even before he finishes saying it. Friendship is what was born between Omar and I from my near death experience. A friendship that will continue forever. Bibliography:I dont Know.